منابع مشابه
Low voltage BSE imaging using FESEM
Backscattered electron (BSE) imaging is most commonly performed by applying accelerating voltages of 10kV and above to the specimen. For imaging of surface detail, the application of a lower accelerating voltage results in less beam penetration, spread and overall specimen damage. A field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) operated with high emission current (50μA) was used to increa...
متن کاملAn ultra-low-voltage ultra-low-power CMOS active mixer
The scaling of CMOS technology has greatly influenced the design of analog and radio-frequency circuits. In particular, as technology advances, due to the use of lower supply voltage the available voltage headroom is decreased. In this paper, after a brief overview of conventional low-power CMOS active mixer structures, we introduce an active mixer structure with sub-mW-level power consumption ...
متن کاملAn Ultra High CMRR Low Voltage Low Power Fully Differential Current Operational Amplifier (COA)
this paper presents a novel fully differential (FD) ultra high common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) current operational amplifier (COA) with very low input impedance. Its FD structure that attenuates common mode signals over all stages grants ultra high CMRR and power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) that makes it suitable for mixed mode and accurate applications. Its performance is verified by HSPI...
متن کاملUltra-low voltage, ultra-small mode volume silicon microring modulator.
We show GHz modulation in a 2.5 microm radius silicon micro-ring, with only 150 mV peak-peak drive voltage and an electro-optic modal volume of only 2 microm(3). The swing voltage and the micro-ring modulator are the smallest demonstrations so-far in silicon. The presented approach lays the ground work for a new class of high speed low voltage modulators enabling, seamless integration of nanoph...
متن کاملNovel voltage clamp circuits for ultra low-voltage applications
Voltage clamps for protecting low-voltage DC circuits require a new approach to circuit design. Many clamps commonly used were built for systems of 5-Volts or higher but lower voltage systems require distinctive clamping abilities. The use very low-voltage precision enhancement-mode MOSFETs play a pivotal role in designing voltage clamps in low-voltage
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Microscopy Today
سال: 2003
ISSN: 1551-9295,2150-3583
DOI: 10.1017/s1551929500053414